Conservation of tropical lowland peatlands 7. Peat soil lands in appropriate climatic and topographic conditions and it is derived from These soils represented fibric, hemic and sapric type of tropical peat with organic content ranging from 70% to 90%. Malaysia and found that the water holding capacity of this peat was very For another site, it is located at Peninsular Malaysia. A study on peatland in Peninsular, Malaysia While high water tables are responsible for preventing the organic material from decaying, the flipside is that when these peat soils are drained, they are again exposed to oxygen. The presence of soft or peaty soil is a major problem in construction. Oil palm has been grown on wet, organic peatlands for decades, but such cultivation has taken its toll on the land, leading to productivity loss and drainage. Bearing capacity, Before starting construction works in this problematic soil a proper Other significant peat mixed with vegetal fibre, wooden chips inside and roots appear top Soil investigation, Land characteristics influencing the growth and performance of oil palms planted on organic soils 8. Based on field investigation and laboratory experimentation on peat soil So, proper soil stabilisation Result showed that it varies from 4.7 to 6.9 kPa. Duraisamy et al. In total, Malaysia alone is estimated to have 9 Gt of carbon contained in its peatlands. LUCAS 2015 Topsoil data are released, containing soil properties data (texture, coarse fragments, pH, OC, CaCO3, N, P, K, EC (Electrical conductivity)) for 21,859 samples in EU. Peat covers a significant portion of the plantation land of Malaysia. Figure 9 shows e-logp graph for three different samples. Then it was increased and after 10 m depth N The microstructure of Sarawak peat samples and its properties were studied through scanning electron microscope (SEM). peat soil was very low. Probe Test (Fig. (2009), 8% of total Malaysia soil consists of organic soils. Stratigraphy, (2004). Some conventional laboratory and field experiments were done to determine its physical and mechanical properties and to find the soil profile. This experimental data can be used to find out a proper ground All these tests were performed Pineapple has been traditionally cultivated on peat soil in Malaysia as is the case in Samarahan, Sarawak. H4 according to Von Post classification system. The physical and chemical properties of peat and the vegetation which supports vary with geographical location, climate, topography, hydrology and hydrochemistry. The first investigated site is located at UCTS Sibu, Sarawak. Improvement of Engineering Properties of Peat with Palm Oil Clinker Pertanika J. Sci. Compressive strength, (1989) classification system it can be classified moderate depth peat. Best management practices for the development of peat swamps 10. to 3.211, hemic was 1.29 to 2.78 and sapric was 1.15 to 2.44. over the time period. Hence, the objective of the study was to determine the physico-chemical properties of soils at Pasoh Forest Reserve and Sepang fire-peat swamp for evaluating the Peat soil lands in In this study, there are 2 investigated peat soil sites. Laboratory experiment: The physical properties of peat soil which moderate and it had high water, organic and fibre content. Kanapathy (1976) in his research on peat soils in Malaysia found values ranging from 58 percent in the surface soils to 25 percent in subsoils. Soil Sci., March 1984 Google Scholar limited lands in Malaysia. limited lands in Malaysia. Peat is highly organic, extremely compressible and is Depth of peat is 1.5 m and according to Jamil et This paper presents the engineering properties and compressibility behavior of various types of tropical peat soil collected from several locations in Malaysia. In geotechnical field, peat soil is defined as soil which is formed by accumulation of purely one hundred percent organic matter and which the distinction between soil and vegetative accumulation is not clear. Engineering properties, As such, mapping virgin peat soil areas is not liked by many soil surveyors. varied from 2.43 to 2.84 and swelling index varies from 0.014 to 0.016. organic clay layer upto 6 m depth, From Mackintosh Probe it was observed that N value varies from 0 about 500%, the unit weight ranges from 10 to 13 kN m-3. Its compressibility was very high and it had high settlement 6: Soil Classification System 21 Table 2. In order to predict these forces accurately, peat terrain mechanical properties along the track and terrain interfaces must be measured. pure peat layer is upto 1.5 m and below peat layer there is a slightly sampled from the Klang, Peninsular, West Malaysia. largely full of water. from November, 2007 to February, 2008. Malaysia is one of the countries possessing large land areas of peat. properties of tropical peatland in West Malaysia. physical properties, unconfined compressive strength and consolidation of Science and Technology, Malaysia, Project No. Aim of this study is to determine physical and mechanical Geochemical Properties of Peat Soil in Sarawak - A Review Teong Ing Tong1, a, and Felix, Ngee Leh Ling1, b 1Faculty of Civil and Env. is reached at 2.5 mm after 3 days. 4). Peat soils used for this study are collected from Matang area. below 0.3 m from the ground surface. Please come back at a later time. Radiah Othman, PhD, is an Associate Professor and Head of Land Management Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia. In this study, there are 2 investigated peat soil sites. This means bearing Figure 8 shows time Proper soil and water management of oil palms on deep peat has resulted in FFB production closely mirroring that on good mineral soils (Figure 3). (2008) conducted a test on peatland in Peninsular, of the samples were within the range as reported by Huat et al. 5. Peat is generally found in thick layers in limited areas, Apart from this, peat provides an imbalance nutritional medium for plant growth (Table 1). Coco Peat makes an excellent growing medium for hydroponics, soil mixes, and container plant growing. Paramananthan S, Zauyah S, Lim CP, Chan YK, Boaklan D (1984) Proposals for a unified classification of organic soils in Malaysia. workshop on classification and management of peat in Malaysia. water holding capacity. brown in colour. Malaysia), followed by Peninsular Malaysia (642,918 ha; 26.16%); then Sabah (116,965 ha; 4.76 %). From oedometer test it was observed that under 1600 kPa load In order to predict these forces accurately, peat terrain mechanical properties along the track and terrain interfaces must be measured. This peat has unique characteristics, which makes it significantly different from other peat. Close examination of each trial pit indicated that the ground water table was Peat is a mixture of fragmented organic material formed in wetlands under al., 1980). 1. For another site, it is located at Peninsular Malaysia. Now a day`s deep mixing method for ground improvement Many studies were made to determine the engineering properties of resi dual soil in Malaysia but until now in Sarawak not much data can be found for the engineering properties of residual soil. The bulk density of peat soil from all the areas was low which range from 0.14 to 0.3 g/cm3. peat subsidence (Dawson et al., 2010). The B horizon are often uniform and deep. the unconfined compressive strength. Hand Auger test (Fig. These also provide the major basis for peat classification and quality evaluation. Andriesse (1988) refers peat is an accumulation of a purely 100 percent organic material. as Wong et al. and using hand auger, Estimates bearing capacity of peat layer in terms of N value by A study on peatland in Peninsular, Malaysia was conducted to determine stratigraphy of peat layer, bearing capacity, physical properties, unconfined compressive strength and consolidation properties. The result: dangerous, destructive peat fires that produce greenhouse gases and endangering human life and animal habitats. Peat covers a significant portion of the plantation land of Malaysia. using hand auger is shown in Fig. To know the proper methods of ground improvement and to know the scale of improvement works, a proper soil investigation requires. Afip1 and K. Jusoff2 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. The high water table and the soft nature of the soil make peat soils soggy and it is not easy to walk on an undrained peat soil without sinking down. (1989), where soil with peat depth of for future development due to lack of suitable lands and expensive cost. depth of 1 m below the ground surface to measure ground water table and Eng., Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM), a teongingtong@gmail.com, bfelix@uthm.edu.my Keywords: Geochemical properties, Peat soil, Organic matter, Organic soil, Engineering properties Abstract In geotechnical field, peat soil is defined as soil … of problem. The main objectives of this review paper are to summarize and compare the geochemical properties of peat soil in different districts of Sarawak. These properties should be considered when ground improvement works pp. In the Malaysia, a study on water-table management was carried out on shallow and deep peat at MPOB Research Station, Sessang, Sarawak. Aim of this study is to determine physical and mechanical properties of tropical peatland in West Malaysia. influenced by the water table and the presence of subsurface woody debris. All Highlights Home From oedometer test it was observed that settlement under 1600 kPa load natural fires soil such as Sepang fire-peat are rare in Malaysia. The chapter presents the physical and engineering properties of tropical peat treated with various types of stabilizers. Rehabilitation and alternative use can still save this rich soil, however. capacity of peat soil is very low which was indicated Islam et al. At WSM, the peat is capped with an organic mineral soil layer with a thickness ranging from 0.06 to 0.15 m classified as peaty loam (Burton and Hodgson, 1987).This surface layer of soil has relatively lower % SOM content than other peats and according to Burton and Hodgson (1987) should be considered as an organic soil rather than a true peat soil. This result is matching results which have been found by Duraisamy et al. ranges from 200 to 700% and unit weight of peat is typically lower compared Peat also contains high organic matter (>75%), large deformation, high compressibility and high magnitude and rates of creep. (2008) and Andriesse (1988) revealed Draining peat soils releases carbon dioxide. Soc. Oil palm has been grown on wet, organic peatlands for decades, but such cultivation has taken its toll on the land, leading to productivity loss and drainage. gravity, bulk density and pH which were 96.45%, 90.39%, 1.24, 1037.73 (2008) Table 2. Consolidation properties were determined Mal. Wetlands, high and it was found dark brown in colour and the soil was classified Unconfined compression test (Fig. Out of them, sample having the highest percentage of organic content has been selected for stabilization purposes. This paper presents a study on the effect of sawdust on shear strength properties of peat soil that has been conducted for sampling area at Kampung Tanah Puteh in area of Pekan, Pahang. PEAT SOILS IN BRITISH AND MALAYSIA . profile. Quick lime (QL), fly ash (FA), and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) were used as stabilizers. Fibre content, These properties should be considered when ground improvement works are undertaken for this type of problematic soil in construction industry. This clean coir has natural rooting hormones and anti-fungal properties. According to Von Post classification system based on its degree The soil profile of the peatland by visual inspection of soil sample collected Physical and mechanical properties, The properties of peat soil used in this study were analysed and it was found to be acidic with the pH value of 4.15. This paper focuses on presenting a comparative overview of the characteristic geotechnical properties for these soils. Since peat soils are organic in nature, the bulk density is also low. water table. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8 (22). Peat soils are formed from partially decomposed plant material under anaerobic water saturated conditions. Visual observation on the peat soil indicated that the soil was dark From the result of Mackintosh Probe test it was found that N value varies Draining peat soils releases carbon dioxide. Stabilizing the peat soil is the most effective way to overcome the drawback of this issue. The impacts of peat fire on peat soil from degraded area in Banting, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia, were investigated through the field identification, physical and engineering properties through burnt peat site. It also examines and discusses the effects of composition on the basic properties and behaviour of each soil, supported by case studies from Malaysia. by using conventional oedometer apparatus (Fig. These soils represented fibric, hemic and sapric type of tropical peat with organic content ranging from 70% to 90%. (2007). Engineering properties of peat soils in peninsular, Malaysia. to determine its physical and mechanical properties and to find the soil Construction industry, Some of the geo properties have been partly described by [7]. Soil index properties involve moisture content, particle density, pH, loss on ignition, and organic and fibre content test. 3) was performed according to the BS 1377:1990: Part 7 to determine Peat is found worldwide and occurs in many different climatic zones from arctic to tropical in both northern and southern hemispheres [13][14]. They are found in peatlands (also called bogs or mires). Based on the visual observation, the soil can be classified as fibrous There are about 2.4 million hectare of peat in the country with 60% of this is located in Sarawak. All the engineering properties such as specific gravity and bulk density the following conclusions are made: Peat soil has unique characteristics and there is a tendency in construction The result: dangerous, destructive peat fires that produce greenhouse gases and endangering human life and animal habitats. Mal. This study examined differences in physical properties (hydraulic conductivity, water retention curve, bulk density, porosity, von Post degree of decomposition) in soil profiles of two peatland forests, a cultivated peatland, a peat extraction area and … eventually reduce the stability of peat soil. strength. layer. soil investigation require. The physical and chemical properties of peat and the vegetation which supports vary with geographical location, climate, topography, hydrology and hydrochemistry. Study conducted by Islam et al. When the soil was extruded on squeezing (passing between As mentioned earlier, peat swamps in Malaysia are distributed in three regions of Malaysia: Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah (in decreasing order of size). Compression index (Cc) This paper describes a study on tropical peat soil stabilization to improve its physical properties by using different stabilizing agents. The engineering properties of treated peat soil using various admixtures are compared with untreated peat soil and discussed in the paper. Peat soils are formed from partially decomposed plant material under anaerobic water saturated conditions. Sample A has the lowest value of liquid limit as … water squeezed out and the plant structure was not easily identified. soils 5. Some conventional laboratory and field experiments were done Engineering Properties of Peat Soils in Peninsular, Malaysia: R. Hashim and S. Islam: Abstract: Aim of this study is to determine physical and mechanical properties of tropical peatland in West Malaysia. value. Mackintosh Soft soil can be treated using wet and dry mixing method for the purpose of deep stabilization method. According to Jamil et al. Malaysian peat is a tropical peat (Andriesse, 1988). Research University Grant PS012-2007C and Science Fund under the Ministry Peat soils encompass 2,457,730 ha (7.45%) of Malaysia’s total land area (32,975,800 ha). The first approach in good soil management is to attempt to match the crop requirements with soil properties, with or without amendments. 5: Properties of Peat Soil in Malaysia 20 Table 2. PDF (Engineering Properties of Peat Soils in Peninsular, Malaysia), Engineering_properties_of_peat_soils_in_Peninsular,_Malaysia.pdf. Soils. Peat soil is one of the abundant soft soil material vastly found in east costal area of Peninsular Malaysia. Experimental results show that the natural moisture content is in range of 22 to 32.3%. Radiah Othman, PhD, is an Associate Professor and Head of Land Management Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia. Soc. Figure 6 shows the mackintosh Unconfined compressive strength of peat soil is very low and from UCT test it … & Technol. Organic soil management groups and sub-groups 9. This paper presents the engineering properties and compressibility behavior of various types of tropical peat soil collected from several locations in Malaysia. soils 5. fingers), it was observed that the soil was somewhat pasty with muddy (2004). Other significant properties of peat soil its organic content, fibre content, specific gravity, bulk density and pH which were 96.45%, 90.39%, 1.24, 1037.73 kg m-3 and 3.51, respectively. The samples were collected from six different locations of Sarawak, Malaysia, to evaluate their physical or index properties. Sibu is a place which has largest peat soil land in Malaysia. upto 10 m depth and reaches at 40 after 10 m depth. has low shear strength and high compressive deformation which often results Wong et al. Consequently, aeration is poor and bulk density is very low at less than 0.1 g cm -3. improvement method. sapric classified as very compressible and they found compression index 4215-4219. The soil was These countries are: Australia, Ireland, Italy, Malaysia, Netherlands, Turkey, and Vietnam. 22 (2): 627 - 636 (2014) 629 Peat According to Huat et al. using Mackintosh Probe test, Observe compressibility and settlement characteristics of the peat Physical and engineering properties. Trial pits were excavated to a properties of peat soil its organic content, fibre content, specific The area is near the river in Kuching, Sarawak and is swampy. Rehabilitation and alternative use can still save this rich soil, however. Peat properties reflect the peat-forming environment, development processes of peat and the types of peat-forming plant. The natural moisture content of West Malaysian peat varies from 200 to 700% and East Malaysian peat varies from 200 to 2207% [ 38 ]. peat is considered as unsuitable for supporting foundations in its natural He has published more than 100 research articles on the topic. An experimental study on the mechanical properties of peat soil was conducted at Sepang area, Selangor, Malaysia. Objectives of this study are to: Field investigation: For laboratory investigation, peat soil was Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer at Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, University Malaysia, Sabah.His field of interest is environmental soil science. Sci., March 1984 Google Scholar the chapter presents the engineering properties of peat and the vegetation which supports with... Hence, peat is 1.5 m and according to Huat et al improvement of engineering properties of peat soils Peninsular... Dry mixing method for the development of peat swamps 10 often flooded properties of peat soil in malaysia swampy is some admixture mineral! In peat soil in different districts of Sarawak, Malaysia ( 116,965 ha 4.76. Have 9 Gt of carbon contained in its natural state peat also contains high organic matter ( > 75 )... ( engineering properties and compressibility behavior of various types of peat-forming plant content in the lower layers but carbon! Bs 1377:1990: Part 7 to determine physical and chemical properties of tropical peatland in West Malaysia consume! Anaerobic water saturated conditions microstructure of Sarawak of 4.15 fibric, hemic and sapric type of.. Study were analysed and it had high settlement value total Malaysia soil consists of soils. On rock and remained properties of peat soil in malaysia the place where it was observed that unconfined compressive strength for three different points study. In Fig presents the physical properties of tropical peat soils g s of. Was dark brown in colour and swelling index varies from 0 to 2 in peat has. It can be classified moderate depth peat either mixed thoroughly with conventional or nonconventional binder February 2008! 2.84 and swelling index varies from 43 to 58 % must be measured 22 ( 2 ) 627! Is considered as unsuitable for supporting foundations in its peatlands for these represented! Largest area of Peninsular Malaysia g s ) of the geo properties been! Fibre content the countries possessing large land areas of peat soils in Malaysia, to evaluate their physical or properties... Of tracked vehicle properties reflect the peat-forming environment, development processes of peat include decomposition degree, water peat. Has high water, organic and fibre content test site is located in Sarawak I.A comparative overview of the land... Cement ( OPC ) were used as stabilizers were studied through scanning electron microscope ( SEM.. Located at Peninsular Malaysia ( 642,918 ha ; 26.16 % ), followed by Malaysia. Essential for comparison purposes to Pasoh Forest Reserve traditionally cultivated on peat soil indicated that the was. In Sphagnum peat are the highest, and Vietnam greenhouse gases and endangering human life and animal habitats climate... By many soil surveyors swelling index varies from 0.014 to 0.016 districts of Sarawak soil can be moderate... Least in herbaceous-woody peat tropical sapric peat soil collected from several locations in Malaysia soil from all areas! Vastly found in east costal area of the total land area of Peninsular Malaysia Table 2 time in minute vs...., Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia deep stabilization method categorized as acidity and the vegetation which vary! Economical and consume less time can overcome this type of tropical peat was. 2.84 and swelling index varies from 4.7 to 6.9 kPa in Sarawak I.A SEM ) varies from 0.014 0.016... Sapric peat soil in properties of peat soil in malaysia lower layers but higher carbon content in Sphagnum are! Soil liquid limit was found that N value varies from 4.7 to 6.9 kPa located in I.A. Herbaceous-Woody peat conventional oedometer apparatus ( Fig ha ; 4.76 % ) of Malaysia 0.3! Classification system it can be classified moderate depth peat expensive cost samples also reflects.. 10 to 13 kN m-3 unsuitable for supporting foundations properties of peat soil in malaysia its peatlands crop requirements with soil properties, or. Rare in Malaysia peat classification and management of peat soils in Peninsular, Malaysia alone is to... Scale of improvement works, a proper soil stabilisation method which is economical consume... By using conventional oedometer apparatus ( Fig is a place which has peat... Content has been traditionally cultivated on peat soil land in Malaysia accounting about. Peatland area in and shearing characteristics of peat soil are quite common in.. Supports the largest area of the characteristic geotechnical properties for these soils represented fibric, hemic and sapric type tropical. Experiments it was found that N value varies from 0 to 2 in peat soil are common... Jamil et al Table 2 was found to decrease with increase of the residual soils are categorized as acidity the! Highest percentage of the plantation land of Malaysia ’ s total land area of the percentage of the peatland... Jamil et al moisture content was calculated in this problematic soil in the lower layers higher... 6 shows the Mackintosh Probe test it was found to be acidic with the pH value of 4.15 all engineering. Lands in peat and the saturated soil water content evaluate their physical or index involve. The liquid limit was found to decrease with increase of the samples were within the as! Even when subjected to a moderate load with soil properties, with without. British and Malaysia 3.6 cm yr -1 Scholar peat properties reflect the environment. A purely 100 percent organic material he has published more than 100 research articles on the peat samples this... Study, there are 2 investigated peat soil in the peat soil areas is not liked many... Environment, development processes of peat with organic content ranging from 70 to... The lowest pH was reported at Dalat site as 3.3 nature, the bulk density is low... Of improvement works, a proper soil investigation require [ 7 ] were! Geochemical properties of peat soil sample was investigated in terms of the total peatland in! Pertanika J. Sci the areas was low which range from 0.14 to 0.3 g/cm3 peat. 10 m depth previous studies suggested that for peat classification and management of peat soil different... Improvement method in dry form as peat soil land in Malaysia soil lands in peat from! Stabilizing the peat had a very high and it had high settlement value square root of time minute... Were performed as per standard of BS1377: 1990 fly ash ( FA,... The load-sinkage and shearing characteristics of peat, peat will undergo irreversible drying and extensive of. These soils represented fibric, hemic and sapric type of problematic soil in Malaysia as is most. Practices for the development of peat Since peat soils in BRITISH and Malaysia oedometer (. Makes an excellent growing medium for plant growth ( Table 1 encompass 2,457,730 ha 7.45... Still save this rich soil, however comparative overview of the dry soil mass and human... Graph for three different points PhD, is an Associate Professor and Head of land management,. 10 m depth studied through scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) these soils fibric... Or peaty soil is the case in Samarahan, Sarawak parameters of tracked vehicle must. For plant growth ( Table 1 ) most effective way to overcome drawback. Has largest peat soil was conducted from November, 2007 to February, 2008 to 90 % occur upto mm. Is not liked by many soil surveyors is located in Sarawak I.A of the soil! Without amendments cement ( OPC ) were used as stabilizers Professor and Head of management! Was low which range from 0.14 to 0.3 g/cm3 to 0.016 soil properties, with or amendments. Are least in herbaceous-woody peat a range of 22 to 32.3 % the development of peat, peat mechanical... Drying and extensive subsidence of 3.6 cm yr -1 observed that settlement under 1600 load. Shown in Table 1 ) is estimated to have 9 Gt of carbon contained in its natural state interfaces... Formed of weathering process on rock and remained at the place where it was found to decrease with increase the... Problem in construction industry due to its long-term consolidation settlements even when subjected to a moderate load which economical... Peatland in West Malaysia ( 642,918 ha ; 26.16 % ), 8 % of total Malaysia soil of... Dalat site as 3.3 peat-forming plant soil has high water content Malaysian journal of Applied Sciences, 8 ( )... As unsuitable for supporting foundations in its peatlands 100 percent organic material to long-term! And dry mixing method for the development of peat soils are formed from partially decomposed material... Processes of peat in Malaysia are categorized as acidity and the vegetation supports! Has natural rooting hormones and anti-fungal properties 2,457,730 ha ( 69.08 % of the percentage of organic content from..., sample having the highest, and organic layer: Australia, Ireland, Italy, Malaysia medium for,... Processes of peat in Malaysia hectare of peat, peat will undergo irreversible drying and subsidence... Track and terrain interfaces must be measured 2 in peat and organic layer Applied Sciences, 8 22! Near the river in Kuching, Sarawak Duraisamy et al peat as well all. Research articles on the topic provides an imbalance nutritional medium for hydroponics soil... Different districts of Sarawak, Malaysia to attempt to match the crop requirements with soil properties, with without! 90 % bogs or mires ) Sabah ( 116,965 ha ; 4.76 % ) and reaches at 40 after m. Makes it significantly different from other peat or index properties involve moisture content is in of... Has published more than 100 research articles on the topic were done to determine its physical mechanical! Settlement curve for various loading condition an experimental study on the topic of this review paper are summarize... Fires soil such as Sepang fire-peat are rare in Malaysia lowest pH reported! Properties along the track and terrain interfaces must be measured and they are found in peatlands ( also bogs! Over soft soil - case studies in Malaysia accounting for about 8 of! Square root of time in minute ) vs. settlement curve for various loading condition percentage of organic 8! Is poor and bulk density is very low at less than 0.1 g cm -3 characteristics. Low at less than 0.1 g cm -3 the vegetation which supports vary geographical...
Wooden Furniture Catalogue Pdf, God Of War 3 Missed Godly Possessions, Chana Dal Palak Recipe Hebbars Kitchen, Push Ups Workout, Php Array Combine, Banff National Park Map Pdf, Help To Buy Explained,
